ISRO’s ‘Zero Orbital Debris’ Achievement

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) recently achieved a significant milestone in its PSLV-C58/XPoSat mission. By transforming the spent fourth stage of the rocket into a mini space station named POEM-3 (PSLV Orbital Experimental Module-3), ISRO ensured minimal to no debris was left floating in space after mission completion.

POEM-3 housed nine experimental payloads and conducted various scientific experiments before undergoing a controlled re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere on March 21, 2024. This innovative approach effectively eliminates the issue of rocket upper stages lingering in orbit and contributing to the growing space debris problem.

The Threat of Space Debris: A Looming Collision Course

Space debris – consisting of defunct satellites, rocket parts, and fragments from collisions – poses a significant threat to operational spacecraft. According to ISRO’s Space Situational Assessment report 2022, a staggering 2,533 objects were launched into space in 2022 alone. This exponential growth threatens to create a cascading effect of collisions, further increasing debris and jeopardizing future space missions.

The majority of space debris resides in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), a region crucial for various applications like Earth observation, navigation, and communication. Collisions in LEO can create a cloud of debris, making it difficult and risky to navigate for operational satellites. The Kessler Syndrome paints a worrying picture: a scenario where collisions become so frequent that space activity in LEO becomes untenable.

ISRO’s Mission: A Catalyst for International Collaboration

ISRO’s “zero orbital debris” mission serves as a beacon of hope for sustainable space exploration. Their approach demonstrates the feasibility of designing missions that minimize debris creation.

While POEM-3 is a significant step, further international collaboration and the development of active debris removal technologies are crucial for ensuring the long-term sustainability of space activities.

Active debris removal involves technologies like robotic arms or nets to capture and de-orbit defunct satellites. International collaboration can help pool resources and accelerate the development of such technologies. ISRO’s mission paves the way for responsible space exploration and inspires other space agencies to adopt similar strategies. This, coupled with international efforts in debris removal, can ensure a cleaner and safer space environment for future generations.

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